Interactions of Bacteriophages with Animal and Human Organisms—Safety Issues in the Light of Phage Therapy

Bacteriophages are viruses infecting bacterial cells. Since there is a lack of specific receptors for bacteriophages on eukaryotic cells, these were long time considered to be neutral animals and humans. However, studies recent years provided clear evidence that can interact with significantly influencing the functions tissues, organs, systems mammals, including In this review article, we summarize discuss discoveries in field interactions phages animal human organisms. Possibilities penetration into organs discussed, effects immune system, respiratory central nervous gastrointestinal urinary tract, reproductive system presented discussed. Modulations cancer cells by indicated. Direct indirect virulent temperate We conclude organisms robust, they must taken under consideration when using medicine, especially phage therapy, biotechnological applications.